Question

1. answer the real world application questions and explain fully. think of everything possible.

a. an athlete eats a large amount of carbohydrates the night before a big game. why is it important for that athlete to drink lots of water?

b. if an individual is on a high - fat, low - carbohydrate diet, what macromolecule becomes the main energy source for their body?

c. you decide to cook some eggs on the stove. you notice that once the egg hits the pan, the egg whites that were once clear turn white. why is this?

Explanation:

a. Carbohydrates are stored as glycogen in the body. Glycogen storage requires water. When the athlete eats a large amount of carbohydrates, more glycogen is stored, which needs more water. Also, during the game, the athlete will lose water through sweating. Drinking lots of water helps maintain proper hydration, which is essential for various bodily functions like digestion, circulation, and temperature regulation.
b. Carbohydrates are the body's preferred energy source. When there is a low - carbohydrate intake (as in a high - fat, low - carbohydrate diet), the body will start to use fats as the main energy source. Fats are broken down into fatty acids and glycerol, and the fatty acids can be used in cellular respiration to produce ATP (adenosine triphosphate), the energy currency of the cell.
c. Egg whites contain proteins. When the egg hits the pan (heat is applied), the proteins in the egg whites undergo denaturation. Denaturation is the process by which the three - dimensional structure of a protein is disrupted. In the case of egg whites, the clear, soluble proteins (like albumin) unfold and then aggregate. This aggregation of proteins changes their optical properties. The clear solution becomes opaque (white) because the aggregated proteins scatter light.

Answer:

a. Because carbohydrates are stored as glycogen which requires water and the athlete will lose water during the game.
b. Fats.
c. Because the proteins in the egg whites denature and aggregate, changing their optical properties.