Question

american imperialism
instructions: read the article, complete the standard annotations, and answer the questions.
beginning of new imperialism: in the early 19th century, the united states carved its initial push on the global stage with the monroe doctrine (1823), which asserted american dominance in the western hemisphere and warned european powers against further encroachment. however, by the late 19th century, american imperialism saw a resurgence. amidst manifest destinys continental border - expansionist dreams, the nations ambitions transcended its continental borders. in 1867, secretary of state william h. seward championed the purchase of alaska from russia in \sewards folly.\ this book - entrenchment. this belief culminated in the construction (1907) of the great white fleet, a testament to americas naval might, which navigated the globe under president theodore roosevelts command.

1. what was the purpose of the monroe doctrine?

annexation of the hawaiian islands: under president william mckinley, the hawaiian islands became the centerpiece of americas expanding imperial ambitions. american businessmen, known as \sugar barons,\ heavily invested in the islands lucrative sugar plantations. and at the same time, strategic thinkers recognized hawaiis pivotal location in the vast pacific. when queen liliuokalani tried to reduce foreign influence, these interests converged, leading to her overthrow in 1893 with the aid of u.s. forces. by 1898, hawaii was annexed as a u.s. territory. a pivotal consequence of this annexation was the establishment of the pearl harbor naval base, transforming the islands into a significant strategic outpost in the pacific.

1. what was one consequence of the annexation?

the spanish - american war: american newspapers, caught in a fierce circulation war, employed sensationalism to drive public interest and newspaper sales. this yellow journalism magnified events, such as the alleged spanish atrocities in cuba, inciting interest. the explosion of the uss maine in havana harbor and the subsequent media frenzy at home. envisioning a passage to victory, the u.s. entered into war with spain, known as the spanish - american war (1898). the war was brief and resulted in a decisive u.s. victory.

1. what event in havana harbor in 1898 played a pivotal role in accelerating americas entry into the spanish - american war?

a splendid little war: the treaty of paris that followed saw spain ceding large territories, such as the philippines, puerto rico, and guam. though cuba was left out of direct acquisitions, americas shadow loomed large over the new cuban government. for example, the platt amendment (1901) was introduced into the cuban constitution, granting the u.s. the right to intervene in cuban affairs and set up naval bases, most notably in guantanamo bay, effectively making cuba a u.s. protectorate. the u.s. withdrew its military government from cuba in 1902, but american influence remained politically and economically strong.

1. what territories did the u.s. gain from spain due to the treaty of paris?

diplomacy in asia: amid these geopolitics, president theodore roosevelt showcased americas evolving diplomatic role by mediating the end of the russo - japanese war, leading to the treaty of portsmouth in 1905. this act not only ended a significant conflict but also further solidified the u.s.s position as a peacemaker on the global stage. eager to ensure an equitable stake in china and deter its division among european powers, the u.s. advanced the open door policy under secretary of state john hays guidance. president tafts \dollar diplomacy\ aimed to extend american influence abroad, especially in latin america and asia, through economic investments rather than military intervention.

1. what was the primary objective of the u.s.s open door policy concerning china?

diplomacy in the americas: one of americas most ambitious endeavors lay closer to home. envisioning a passage connecting the atlantic and pacific, the u.s. championed panamas independence from colombia and initiated the colossal panama canal project. while not a complete land acquisition, the u.s. secured the rights to a strip of land across panama to build and control the panama canal. although many people who were involved contracted the deadly disease called yellow fever, construction was finished in 1914. this engineering triumph, coupled with roosevelts \big stick diplomacy\ and the roosevelt corollary to the monroe doctrine, emphasized americas resolve to be the dominant force in the western hemisphere, ready to intervene when deemed necessary.

1. how did the roosevelt corollary reinforce americas intentions in the western hemisphere?

Explanation:

1. The Monroe Doctrine aimed to prevent European powers from interfering in the Western Hemisphere and asserted American dominance in the region.
2. One consequence of the annexation of Hawaii was the establishment of Pearl Harbor as a major naval base, enhancing America's strategic presence in the Pacific.
3. The explosion of the USS Maine in Havana Harbor and the subsequent media frenzy were pivotal in accelerating America's entry into the Spanish - American War.
4. The U.S. gained territories such as the Philippines, Puerto Rico, and Guam from Spain due to the Treaty of Paris.
5. The primary objective of the U.S.'s Open Door Policy concerning China was to ensure an equitable stake in China and deter its division among European powers.
6. The Roosevelt Corollary reinforced America's intentions in the Western Hemisphere by stating that the U.S. would intervene in Latin American affairs when necessary to maintain stability and protect its interests, emphasizing America's resolve to be the dominant force.

Answer:

1. To prevent European interference in the Western Hemisphere and assert American dominance.
2. Establishment of Pearl Harbor as a major naval base.
3. The explosion of the USS Maine in Havana Harbor and media frenzy.
4. Philippines, Puerto Rico, Guam.
5. To ensure an equitable stake in China and deter its division among European powers.
6. Stated the U.S. would intervene in Latin American affairs when necessary to be the dominant force.