activity c (continued from previous page)
3. analyze: examine the results of your four experiments.
a. which nutrients were absorbed by capillaries in the small intestine?

b. which nutrients were absorbed by capillaries in the large intestine?

bacteria in the large intestine break down some types of fiber—a difficult to digest complex carbohydrate—into sugars that are absorbed in the large intestine.
c. which nutrient was absorbed by small intestine lymphatic vessels?
d. did lymphatic vessels absorb anything from the large intestine?

4. draw conclusions: based on your experiments, where should the capillaries and lymphatic vessels be placed to maximize the absorption of nutrients from food?
capillaries:
lymphatic vessels:

5. investigate: click reset. from the food tab, drag the apple to the work area to view its nutritional facts. what nutrient makes up most of an apple’s calories?

6. challenge: using a total of only five organs, design a digestive system that can absorb the maximum number of calories from the apple. describe your system below.

7. test: click play. what percentage of calories did your system absorb?

8. explore: use the gizmo to determine how absorption of water affects the texture of the stool (poop) that is produced by the digestive system. what do you conclude?

Question

activity c (continued from previous page)
3. analyze: examine the results of your four experiments.
   a. which nutrients were absorbed by capillaries in the small intestine?

b. which nutrients were absorbed by capillaries in the large intestine?

bacteria in the large intestine break down some types of fiber—a difficult to digest complex carbohydrate—into sugars that are absorbed in the large intestine.
   c. which nutrient was absorbed by small intestine lymphatic vessels?
   d. did lymphatic vessels absorb anything from the large intestine?

4. draw conclusions: based on your experiments, where should the capillaries and lymphatic vessels be placed to maximize the absorption of nutrients from food?
   capillaries:
   lymphatic vessels:

5. investigate: click reset. from the food tab, drag the apple to the work area to view its nutritional facts. what nutrient makes up most of an apple’s calories?

6. challenge: using a total of only five organs, design a digestive system that can absorb the maximum number of calories from the apple. describe your system below.

7. test: click play. what percentage of calories did your system absorb?

8. explore: use the gizmo to determine how absorption of water affects the texture of the stool (poop) that is produced by the digestive system. what do you conclude?

Accepted Answer

Since this is a set of questions related to the digestive system and nutrient absorption, which falls under the Natural Science discipline, specifically Biology (subfield: Human Biology or Physiology). Here are the answers and explanations for each sub - question:

### Question 3
#### A
# Brief Explanations:
In the small intestine, capillaries absorb nutrients like monosaccharides (from carbohydrates), amino acids (from proteins), and fatty acids and glycerol (but mostly the first two and some short - chain fatty acids). Also, water - soluble vitamins and minerals are absorbed by capillaries in the small intestine.
# Answer:
Monosaccharides, amino acids, water - soluble vitamins, minerals, and some short - chain fatty acids.

#### B
# Brief Explanations:
The large intestine's capillaries mainly absorb water, electrolytes (like sodium, potassium), and some vitamins produced by gut bacteria (such as vitamin K and some B vitamins). Also, the sugars produced from fiber breakdown by bacteria are absorbed here.
# Answer:
Water, electrolytes, vitamins (e.g., vitamin K, B vitamins), and sugars from fiber breakdown.

#### C
# Brief Explanations:
Lymphatic vessels in the small intestine absorb long - chain fatty acids and monoglycerides, which are then transported as chylomicrons. Also, fat - soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K) are absorbed by lymphatic vessels in the small intestine.
# Answer:
Long - chain fatty acids, monoglycerides, and fat - soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K).

#### D
# Brief Explanations:
Lymphatic vessels do not absorb anything from the large intestine. The large intestine's absorption is mainly through capillaries.
# Answer:
No.

### Question 4
#### Capillaries
# Brief Explanations:
To maximize nutrient absorption, capillaries should be placed in the small intestine (especially the jejunum and ileum) as most of the nutrient digestion and absorption occurs here. The large intestine also has capillaries for water and electrolyte absorption, but the main site for nutrient - rich absorption is the small intestine.
# Answer:
In the small intestine (jejunum and ileum) and also in the large intestine for water and electrolyte absorption, but primarily in the small intestine for most nutrients.

#### Lymphatic vessels
# Brief Explanations:
Lymphatic vessels should be placed in the small intestine (especially the ileum) because that is where the absorption of long - chain fatty acids and fat - soluble vitamins (which are absorbed into lymph) occurs.
# Answer:
In the small intestine (ileum) to absorb long - chain fatty acids, monoglycerides, and fat - soluble vitamins.

### Question 5
# Brief Explanations:
Apples are rich in carbohydrates (mainly fructose and other simple sugars and some complex carbohydrates like fiber, but fructose is a major sugar). Carbohydrates provide most of the calories in an apple.
# Answer:
Carbohydrates (specifically fructose and other sugars).

### Question 6
# Brief Explanations:
We can choose five organs: Mouth (for chewing and initial digestion), Stomach (for protein digestion and churning), Small Intestine (duodenum, jejunum, ileum - for most nutrient digestion and absorption), Large Intestine (for water and electrolyte absorption), and Liver (to produce bile which helps in fat digestion). The digestive system would be: Mouth → Stomach → Liver (bile secretion into small intestine) → Small Intestine → Large Intestine. The mouth starts the mechanical and chemical (salivary amylase) digestion. The stomach breaks down proteins. The liver provides bile to the small intestine for fat emulsification. The small intestine does most of the nutrient absorption. The large intestine absorbs water and electrolytes.
# Answer:
Mouth (chewing, salivary amylase action) → Stomach (protein digestion, churning) → Liver (bile secretion into small intestine) → Small Intestine (nutrient digestion and absorption) → Large Intestine (water and electrolyte absorption).

### Question 7
# Brief Explanations:
The percentage of calories absorbed depends on the efficiency of the designed digestive system. If we have a well - designed system with the small intestine having a large surface area for absorption, we can absorb a high percentage (e.g., if the apple's calories are mainly from carbohydrates and we absorb most of the monosaccharides, we can absorb around 80 - 90% of the calories, but this is a rough estimate and depends on the Gizmo simulation).
# Answer:
Varies depending on the system, but a well - designed system can absorb around 80 - 90% (example value, actual value from Gizmo simulation).

### Question 8
# Brief Explanations:
When water is absorbed in the large intestine, the stool becomes more solid. If there is less water absorption (e.g., in cases of diarrhea), the stool is loose and watery. So, as more water is absorbed by the large intestine, the stool texture becomes more solid and formed.
# Answer:
As more water is absorbed by the large intestine, the stool becomes more solid and formed. If less water is absorbed, the stool is loose and watery.

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Explanation:

Question 3

A

Answer:

B