Question

1. rock pigeons were captured and trained to be carrier pigeons in the 1800s to carry messages. the image shows the adult skulls of four different carrier pigeon breeds most commonly used to carry messages.which statement best explains how carrier pigeons developed different skulls?a pigeon trainers allowed rock pigeons to select larger skulls.b pigeon trainers conditioned rock pigeons to produce different skulls.c pigeon trainers selectively bred rock pigeons with desirable traits.d pigeon trainers randomly bred rock pigeons to produce desirable traits.24. a mutation in american tree frogs turns their color from green to white. which two effects caused by the mutation would provide evidence that the mutation is harmful?a more attractive to matesb reduced visionc easily detected by predatorsd faster movement on tree barke no change in croaks

Explanation:

For question 23:

• Selective breeding is when humans choose organisms with desirable traits to breed. In the case of carrier pigeons, pigeon trainers would have selectively bred rock pigeons with traits (like different skull shapes) that were useful or desirable for carrying messages.
• Option A is incorrect because it's the trainers (not the pigeons themselves) who would be involved in selection for traits related to breeding.
• Option B is wrong as conditioning (a form of learning - related behavior modification) doesn't explain genetic changes in skull shape over generations.
• Option D is incorrect because random breeding wouldn't lead to the development of specific, consistent traits like different skull shapes in carrier pigeon breeds.

For question 24:

• A mutation that makes American tree frogs white instead of green would be harmful if it makes them more visible to predators. In their natural habitat (presumably green - leafy environments), green coloration is a form of camouflage.
• Option A (more attractive to mates) would be a beneficial effect.
• Option B (reduced vision) is not related to the color - change mutation described.
• Option D (faster movement on tree bark) is also not related to the color - change mutation.
• Option E (no change in croaks) doesn't indicate harm.

Answer:

1. C. Pigeon trainers selectively bred rock pigeons with desirable traits.
2. C. easily detected by predators