Question

1. the folds, villi, and microvilli of the small intestines internal lining are specialized to maximize:

a. mechanical breakdown of chyme
b. surface area for absorbing nutrients
c. propulsion of chyme via segmentation
d. the secretion of hormones

1. which subdivision of the small intestine is the primary location where most of the nutrient absorption into the blood takes place?

a. duodenum
b. jejunum
c. ileum
d. colon

1. the main role of the large intestine in the digestive process is:

a. chemical digestion
b. ingestion
c. defecation
d. production of bile

1. what important function do the bacterial flora (gut bacteria) in the large intestine perform?

a. begin protein digestion
b. synthesize vitamins the liver needs and digest remaining nutrients by fermentation
c. start carbohydrate digestion
d. store bile

1. the anal canal has two sphincters: the involuntary internal anal sphincter composed of smooth muscle and the voluntarily controlled external anal sphincter composed of: 23

a. cardiac muscle
b. skeletal muscle
c. connective tissue
d. epithelial cells

1. a chronic inflammatory disease of the lining of the gl tract (mainly the colon and ileum) that results in abdominal pain, severe diarrhea, and anemia, most common in young people (15 - 35), is called: 24

a. diverticulitis
b. crohns disease
c. gastritis
d. gerd

Explanation:

1. The folds, villi, and microvilli in the small intestine increase the surface area, which is crucial for nutrient absorption.
2. The jejunum is the primary site for nutrient absorption into the blood.
3. The large intestine's main role in digestion is defecation.
4. Bacterial flora in the large intestine synthesize vitamins and ferment remaining nutrients.
5. The external anal sphincter is composed of skeletal muscle.
6. Crohn's disease is a chronic inflammatory GI tract disease with the described symptoms.

Answer:

1. B. Surface area for absorbing nutrients
2. B. Jejunum
3. C. Defecation
4. B. Synthesize vitamins the liver needs and digest remaining nutrients by fermentation
5. B. Skeletal muscle
6. B. Crohn's disease