Question

1. the test report above shows the level of molecules in different parts of the patients body. what does this test indicate about how her body systems are working?

body part and system | test results
--- | ---
mouth (digestive system) | starch molecules: normal oxygen molecules: normal glucose molecules: low
small intestine (digestive system) | starch molecules: normal oxygen molecules: none glucose molecules: normal
lungs (respiratory system) | starch molecules: none oxygen molecules: normal glucose molecules: none

○ her body systems are working properly.
○ her digestive system is not combining molecules together.
○ her digestive system is not breaking down molecules from food.
○ her respiratory system is not breaking down molecules from air.

1. two teams of scientists hiked 10 kilometers to different study sites. before their hike, the valley team ate a lunch of mostly protein. the mountain team ate a lunch of a mix of starch and protein, but hiked at high altitude, where there is much less oxygen. which team probably had an easier time hiking?

○ both teams had an easy time hiking because their digestive systems broke down proteins into amino acids for cells to release energy.
○ neither team had an easy time hiking; the valley teams cells needed more glucose from broken - down starch for a reaction, and the mountain teams cells needed more oxygen from air.
○ the mountain team had an easier time hiking; their cells released energy from protein reacting with glucose, which was broken down from starch in the digestive system.
○ the valley team had an easier time hiking; their cells released energy from protein breaking down in the digestive system, which then combined with

Explanation:

Question 16

1. Analyze mouth (digestive) results: Starch normal, oxygen normal, glucose low.
2. Analyze small intestine (digestive) results: Starch normal, oxygen none, glucose normal.
3. Analyze lungs (respiratory) results: Starch none, oxygen normal, glucose none.
4. Evaluate options:

• Option 1: If systems worked properly, mouth glucose should increase (starch breakdown to glucose starts in mouth), but mouth glucose is low while small intestine glucose is normal. So this is incorrect.
• Option 2: The test doesn't show molecule combination issues, it shows breakdown (starch to glucose). So this is incorrect.
• Option 3: In a normal digestive system, starch in mouth should be broken down to glucose (increasing glucose levels). But mouth has low glucose and small intestine has normal glucose, suggesting starch breakdown (to glucose) isn't happening in the mouth (digestive system not breaking down food molecules properly). This matches.
• Option 4: Lungs have normal oxygen, so respiratory system is working (oxygen intake is normal). So this is incorrect.

1. Recall energy release: Cells release energy from glucose (preferred) or protein/fat (less efficient). Starch breaks down to glucose.
2. Analyze Valley team: Ate mostly protein. Protein breakdown for energy is less efficient and requires more oxygen.
3. Analyze Mountain team: Ate starch (breaks to glucose) + protein, but hiked at high altitude (low oxygen). However, glucose from starch is easier to use for energy (less oxygen needed than protein breakdown).
4. Evaluate options:

• Option 1: Protein breakdown to amino acids isn't the main energy source (glucose is preferred). So this is incorrect.
• Option 2: Valley team needs glucose (from starch, but they ate mostly protein) for efficient energy, and Mountain team needs oxygen (low at high altitude). So neither has easy time? Wait, no—wait, let's recheck. Wait, Valley team: no starch, so no glucose from starch. Their cells would have to use protein (less efficient, more oxygen). Mountain team: has starch (glucose) and protein, but low oxygen. But glucose breakdown needs less oxygen than protein. Wait, maybe I made a mistake. Wait, the option says "Neither team had an easy time hiking; the Valley team’s cells needed more glucose from broken - down starch for a reaction, and the Mountain team’s cells needed more oxygen from air." Valley team ate mostly protein, so no starch to break down to glucose—so their cells can't get glucose from starch, so they have to use protein (which needs more oxygen? Or is glucose breakdown more efficient with oxygen? Wait, cellular respiration: glucose + oxygen → energy. Protein breakdown also needs oxygen, but glucose is more efficient. Valley team: no starch, so no glucose from starch. So their cells need glucose, but they don't have starch to break down. Mountain team: high altitude, low oxygen. So both have issues: Valley needs glucose (from starch, but no starch), Mountain needs oxygen (low oxygen). So this option makes sense. Wait, but let's check other options.
• Option 3: Mountain team: protein + glucose reaction? No, energy is from glucose (or protein) breakdown, not protein + glucose reaction. So this is incorrect.
• Option 4: Valley team: protein breakdown in digestive system doesn't directly release energy in cells. Energy is from cellular respiration of glucose (or amino acids from protein). Protein breakdown for energy is less efficient and needs more oxygen. So this is incorrect.
• So the correct option is the second one: Neither team had an easy time hiking; the Valley team’s cells needed more glucose from broken - down starch for a reaction, and the Mountain team’s cells needed more oxygen from air.

Answer:

Her digestive system is not breaking down molecules from food.

Question 17