Question

1. in addition to questioning the absolute authority of kings, some enlightenment thinkers also challenged the traditional authority of the church. how did enlightenment thinkers challenge religious authority? a. they promoted religious toleration and separation of church and state b. they argued that faith in divine authority alone guarantees a just ruler. c. they encouraged strict government regulation of all church affairs. d. they called for church leaders to create theocracies to replace monarchies. 17. what did enlightenment thinkers believe should happen when human laws violated natural laws? a. they thought that the human laws must be changed b. they thought that the natural laws must be ignored c. they thought that monarchs and authoritarian leaders should be exempt from human and natural laws d. they were opposed to the concept of the rule of law 18. in declaring themselves to be a national assembly, members of the estates - general a. rejected calls for creating a written constitution. b. promoted a spirit of unity among different regions. c. showed their willingness to negotiate with the king. d. claimed that they had the authority to govern france. 19. two traditional institutions that were challenged during the french revolution were (select all that apply) a. the monarchy b. capitalism c. science d. the church

Explanation:

1. Enlightenment thinkers promoted ideas like religious toleration and separation of church - state to challenge religious authority. Option B supports divine authority which they opposed, option C goes against their ideas of limited government - church interference, and option D is contrary to their secularizing trends.
2. Enlightenment thinkers believed in natural laws as a higher standard. When human laws violated natural laws, they thought human laws must be changed. They did not support ignoring natural laws (option B), did not believe monarchs should be exempt (opposite of their ideas, option C), and were proponents of the rule of law (not opposed, option D).
3. By declaring themselves a National Assembly, members of the Estates - General claimed the authority to govern France. They did not reject a written constitution (option A is incorrect), promoting regional unity was not the main significance of this act (option B), and it was more of a power - claim than a sign of willingness to negotiate (option C).
4. During the French Revolution, the monarchy and the church, as traditional institutions, were challenged. Capitalism was not a traditional institution being directly challenged in the same sense as the monarchy and church, and science was not an institution under attack during the revolution in this context.

Answer:

1. A. They promoted religious toleration and separation of church and state
2. A. They thought that the human laws must be changed
3. D. claimed that they had the authority to govern France
4. A. the monarchy

D. the church