Question

1. which of the following political thinkers most famous and influential work is a thin volume titled simply the prince, where he justified popular sovereignty, revolution, and a separation of religious and secular government?

cicero
hobbes
machiavelli
aristotle

1. who was considered to be the inventor of philosophy?

aristotle
plato
cicero

Explanation:

• Question 14: Niccolò Machiavelli's The Prince is a well - known work in political theory. It focuses on political power and governance strategies. Cicero was a Roman statesman and philosopher with different works (e.g., on rhetoric and ethics). Thomas Hobbes is known for Leviathan. Aristotle had a wide range of works in ethics, politics (but not The Prince).
• Question 15: The concept of who "invented" philosophy is complex. Thales of Miletus is often considered one of the first philosophers in the Western tradition (pre - Socratic). However, among the given options, if we consider the development of a more systematic philosophical approach in a certain context (though not a strict "invention"), Aristotle made significant contributions to various branches of philosophy (e.g., logic, ethics, metaphysics). Plato was also a great philosopher but is more known for his dialogues and the theory of forms. Cicero was more of a Roman orator and statesman with philosophical leanings but not in the same "foundational" sense as Aristotle in some traditional philosophical narratives.

Answer:

1. Machiavelli
2. Aristotle