Question

1. the job of the ribosome is to: (slide 16)
2. what is the structure of the rough er (endoplasmic reticulum)? (slide 17)
3. what is the job of the smooth er (endoplasmic reticulum), and how do they physically look different from one another? (slide 17)
4. the job of the golgi apparatus is: (slide 18)
5. what is a vesicle? (slide 19)
6. lysosomes are only found in what type of cell? what do they do for the cell? (slide 20)
7. what is the job of the mitochondria? (slide 21)
8. how do the sizes of vacuoles compare in an animal cell vs a plant cell? (slide 22)

Explanation:

1. Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis. They read the genetic code from messenger - RNA (mRNA) and link amino acids together to form proteins.
2. The Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER) has a network of flattened sacs (cisternae) with ribosomes attached to its outer surface.
3. The Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER) is involved in lipid synthesis, detoxification, and calcium ion storage. It lacks ribosomes on its surface, making it appear smooth compared to the Rough ER which has ribosomes attached.
4. The Golgi apparatus modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for secretion or use within the cell.
5. A vesicle is a small, membrane - bound sac that transports materials within the cell, such as proteins, lipids, and other molecules.
6. Lysosomes are only found in animal cells. They contain digestive enzymes that break down waste materials, cellular debris, and foreign substances.
7. Mitochondria are the powerhouses of the cell, responsible for producing energy in the form of ATP through cellular respiration.
8. In plant cells, vacuoles are usually large and can occupy a significant portion of the cell volume, while in animal cells, vacuoles are smaller and more numerous.

Answer:

1. Protein synthesis.
2. Network of flattened sacs (cisternae) with ribosomes attached.
3. Job: Lipid synthesis, detoxification, calcium ion storage. Difference: SER lacks ribosomes, appears smooth.
4. Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids.
5. Small, membrane - bound sac for transport within the cell.
6. Found in animal cells. Function: Break down waste and foreign substances.
7. Produce energy (ATP) through cellular respiration.
8. Plant cell vacuoles are large; animal cell vacuoles are smaller and more numerous.