Question

1. list three forms of evidence for descent from a common ancestor.
2. how does the work of peter and rosemary grant illustrate natural selection?

Explanation:

For question 10:

• Fossil record: Fossils show transitional forms. For example, Archaeopteryx has features of both reptiles (teeth, clawed fingers) and birds (feathers).
• Homologous structures: Similar anatomical structures in different species. Like the forelimbs of humans (arm), bats (wing), and whales (flipper) have the same bone - arrangement (humerus, radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals, phalanges) but different functions.
• DNA and molecular evidence: Closely related species have more similar DNA sequences. For instance, humans and chimpanzees share a high percentage of their DNA.

For question 11:

• The Grants studied finches on the Galapagos Islands.
• They observed that during droughts, larger - beaked finches had an advantage as they could eat larger, harder seeds.
• The frequency of the gene for larger beaks increased in the population over generations, which is an example of natural selection (survival and reproduction of the fittest based on environmental conditions).

Answer:

10.

• Fossil record: Shows transitional forms.
• Homologous structures: Similar anatomy in different species.
• DNA and molecular evidence: Similar DNA in related species.

11.

• Studied finches.
• During drought, larger - beaked finches survived better.
• Gene for larger beaks became more frequent (natural selection).