Question

why did the crusades occur? (1 point)
the holy roman emperor asked for help defending against islamic empires crusaders wanted to claim the region for christianity and drive out islam
the byzantine emperor asked for help defending against islamic empires. crusaders wanted to claim the region for christianity and drive out islam
the abbasid caliph asked for help defending against islamic empires. crusaders wanted to claim the region for christianity and drive out islam.
the ottoman emperor asked for help defending against islamic empires. crusaders wanted to claim the region for christianity and drive out islam
what was the status of christians and jews under islamic rule? (1 point)
they were completely banned from practicing their religion
they were forced to convert to islam
they were treated as equals
they were allowed to practice their own religion with some restrictions

Explanation:

• For the first question: The Byzantium (Eastern Roman Empire) was under threat from Islamic empires. Emperor Alexios I Komnenos sent an appeal to the West. European Christians, driven by religious zeal (to claim the Holy Land for Christianity and drive out Islam), responded. The Holy Roman Emperor was a Western entity and not the one who initially appealed. The Abbasid caliph was an Islamic leader and wouldn't ask for help against Islamic empires. The Ottoman Empire emerged much later than the start of the Crusades.
• For the second question: Under Islamic rule (in general, as per Islamic law - Sharia), Christians and Jews were considered "People of the Book". They were allowed to practice their own religions with some restrictions (like paying a special tax - jizya in some cases, not being able to build new places of worship in some regions at certain times etc.). They were not completely banned, not forced to convert (though some might convert voluntarily over time), and were not treated as absolute equals in all aspects (like in terms of some legal privileges).

Answer:

• First question: The Byzantine emperor asked for help defending against Islamic empires. Crusaders wanted to claim the region for Christianity and drive out Islam.
• Second question: They were allowed to practice their own religion with some restrictions.