Question

1. which of these is the nuclear notation for a beta particle?

Explanation:

• A beta particle is an electron. In nuclear notation, the mass number (top number) of an electron is \(0\) (since the mass of an electron is extremely small compared to protons and neutrons) and the charge (bottom number) is \(- 1\).
• For \(\gamma\) (gamma), it is a high - energy photon with no mass and no charge (\(_{0}^{0}\gamma\)), so \(_{0}^{0}\gamma\) is not a beta particle.
• \(_{2}^{4}\text{He}\) is an alpha particle (a helium nucleus with 2 protons and 2 neutrons).
• \(_{1}^{1}\text{H}\) is a proton.
• \(_{- 1}^{0}\text{e}\) represents an electron (beta particle) where the mass number \(A = 0\) and the charge \(Z=-1\).

Answer:

\(_{-1}^{0}\text{e}\) (the fourth option)