Question

which statement correctly distinguishes between mechanical and electromagnetic waves?
○ electromagnetic waves carry energy through matter; mechanical waves carry energy through space.
○ mechanical waves carry energy through matter; electromagnetic waves carry energy through space.
○ electromagnetic waves carry energy through particles that move up and down; mechanical waves carry energy through particles that move side to side.
○ mechanical waves carry energy through particles that move up and down; electromagnetic waves carry energy through particles that move side to side.

Explanation:

Step1: Recall the nature of mechanical and electromagnetic waves

Mechanical waves require a medium (matter) to travel. Electromagnetic waves can travel through space (vacuum) as well as matter.

Step2: Analyze each option

• Option 1: Incorrect as it misrepresents the motion of particles and the medium - related property.
• Option 2: Incorrect for the same reason as option 1 regarding particle motion and medium.
• Option 3: Correct. Mechanical waves carry energy through matter, electromagnetic waves can carry energy through both matter and space.
• Option 4: Incorrect as it reverses the medium - space property.

Answer:

Mechanical waves carry energy through matter; electromagnetic waves carry energy through space.