Question

which is not a physiological effect of stimulants?

pupil dilation

muscle spasms

increase in body temperature

muscle relaxation

Explanation:

Define stimulants and their general action

Stimulants are substances that speed up activity in the central nervous system. They typically mimic or enhance the body's sympathetic "fight-or-flight" response.

Analyze pupil dilation

Sympathetic activation causes the pupillary dilator muscle to contract. This leads to pupil dilation (mydriasis), which is a common effect of stimulants.

Analyze muscle spasms

Overstimulation of the nervous system increases motor neuron activity. This heightened state of excitation can lead to involuntary muscle spasms or twitching.

Analyze body temperature

Stimulants increase metabolic rate, heart rate, and vasoconstriction. These physiological changes lead to an increase in body temperature (hyperthermia).

Analyze muscle relaxation

Because stimulants increase overall muscle tension and motor activity, they do not cause muscle relaxation. Muscle relaxation is typically associated with depressants or sedatives.

Answer:

• pupil dilation
• muscle spasms
• increase in body temperature
• muscle relaxation (Correct answer)