Question

which low-energy state of condensed matter is characterized by structural rigidity and resistance to changes of shape or volume?

plasma
solid
liquid
gas

Explanation:

Identify key characteristics in the prompt

The question asks for a low-energy state of condensed matter characterized by structural rigidity and resistance to changes of shape or volume.

Evaluate the given options

• plasma: High-energy, ionized gas state; not a condensed phase, lacks fixed shape or volume.
• solid: Low-energy condensed phase; particles are tightly packed in fixed positions, providing structural rigidity and a definite shape and volume.
• liquid: Condensed phase, but lacks structural rigidity; flows to take the shape of its container.
• gas: High-energy state; not a condensed phase, lacks fixed shape or volume.

Answer:

• plasma
• solid (Correct answer)
• liquid
• gas