Question

when railroads expanded west, more settlers moved into native american lands. in 1834, the u.s. government made the entire great plains one big reservation for native tribes. by the 1850s, the government made treaties (agreements) that draw borders for each tribe. many native americans ignored these boundaries and continued hunting on their land, leading to conflicts with settlers.
sand creek massacre (1864)
in colorado, most of the cheyenne peacefully returned to the sand creek reserve for winter, thinking they were safe under the protection of the u.s. government. instead, colonel john chivington and his soldiers attacked at dawn. over 150 cheyenne—mostly women and children—were killed.
fetterman massacre / bozeman trail (1866–1868)
the bozeman trail went through sioux hunting land. sioux leader red cloud asked the government to stop settlers from using the land. in 1866, warrior crazy horse led an attack on captain william j. fetterman’s soldiers, killing over 80. this ended when the government closed the trail and signed the treaty of fort laramie in 1868, forcing some sioux to live on reservations. sitting bull, leader of the hunkpapa sioux, had never signed it.
red river war (1868–1875)
the kiowa and comanche raided (attacked) settlers, which led to the red river war. the u.s. army forced many tribes onto reservations and destroyed villages and horses to stop resistance. general philip sheridan, a union army veteran, gave orders “to destroy their villages and ponies, to kill and hang all warriors, and to bring back all women and children.” with such a strategy, the army stopped resistance on the southern plains.
gold in the black hills (1874)
miners rushed into the black hills after colonel george custer reported gold. the sioux, cheyenne, and arapaho protested, but the government ignored them.
battle of little bighorn (1876)
sitting bull had a vision during a sun dance about soldiers falling. when custer arrived at little bighorn, crazy horse, gall, and sitting bull led warriors who defeated him. custer and all of the seventh cavalry were killed. later, the u.s. army forced the sioux to surrender. eventually, to prevent his people’s starvation, sitting bull was forced to surrender.
flight of the nez perce (1877)
the nez perce, led by chief joseph, refused to be moved to a smaller idaho reservation in 1877. when the army came to relocate them, they fled, embarking on a journey of more than 1,300 miles. in october 1877, chief joseph acknowledged that the struggle was over. he and his followers were exiled (forcefully removed as punishment) to oklahoma.
battle of wounded knee (1890)
the sioux turned to the ghost dance, hoping it would restore their lands. the army arrested sitting bull, who was killed. soon after, the seventh cavalry captured about 350 sioux at wounded knee creek. a shot was fired, and the soldiers opened fire, killing 300 native americans, including women and children. the soldiers left the corpses (dead bodies) to freeze on the ground. this event, the battle of wounded knee, brought the indian wars— and an entire era—to a bitter end.

Explanation:

The content describes historical events related to the conflicts between Native Americans and settlers/US government, including massacres, wars, and treaties. This falls under the subfield of History in Social Science as it deals with past events, their causes, and consequences.

Answer:

History (Social Science)