Question

what is true regarding the abnormal findings of pectoriloquy, egophony, and tactile fremitus? the patient may have bronchiectasis or congenital heart disease. the patient likely has emphysema. it is more difficult to clearly hear the vocalization the patient is making. sound is being transmitted through solid tissue, such as a tumor, or an area of consolidation instead of the air - filled lung tissue. hearing a patient speak in a normal voice while auscultating their lungs sounds like indistinct mumbling.

Explanation:

Pectoriloquy, egophony, and tactile fremitus are increased when sound is transmitted through solid - like tissues (such as in consolidation or a tumor) instead of normal air - filled lung tissue. Bronchiectasis or congenital heart disease are not the main associations for these findings alone. Emphysema is associated with decreased tactile fremitus etc. Clear vocalization is easier to hear in these cases due to better sound transmission through solid tissue. Hearing normal voice as indistinct mumbling is not characteristic of these findings.

Answer:

Sound is being transmitted through solid tissue, such as a tumor, or an area of consolidation instead of the air - filled lung tissue.