Question

what happens when the sun warms shallow surface waters?
the water temperature is warmer.
the water temperature is colder.
energy from the sun can warm the water more quickly.
more energy from the sun is needed to warm up the water.
more evaporation causes more thermal energy to transfer from th
less heat energy is transferred from the ocean to the air above.
more thermal energy and humidity in the air can cause bigger stc
what happens when the sun warms cold deep waters?
the water temperature is warmer.
the water temperature is colder.
energy from the sun can warm the water more quickly.
more energy from the sun is needed to warm up the water.
more evaporation causes more thermal energy to transfer from th
less heat energy is transferred from the ocean to the air above.
more thermal energy and humidity in the air can cause bigger s

Explanation:

Step1: Analyze the first question

• When the sun warms shallow surface waters:
• Shallow water has less volume. According to the formula \(Q = mc\Delta T\) (where \(Q\) is heat energy, \(m\) is mass, \(c\) is specific - heat capacity, and \(\Delta T\) is temperature change), for a given amount of solar energy (heat \(Q\)) and specific - heat capacity \(c\) (assuming water has a relatively constant \(c\)), a smaller mass \(m\) (shallow water) will result in a larger \(\Delta T\) (temperature change). So the water temperature is warmer.
• Warmer water leads to more evaporation. Evaporation is a process where water molecules gain enough energy to escape from the liquid phase to the gas phase. More evaporation means more water vapor (humidity) in the air. Also, warmer water has more thermal energy.

Step2: Analyze the second question

• When the sun warms cold deep waters:
• Deep water has a large volume. Using the formula \(Q = mc\Delta T\), for a given amount of solar energy (heat \(Q\)) and specific - heat capacity \(c\) (assuming water has a relatively constant \(c\)), a larger mass \(m\) (deep water) will result in a smaller \(\Delta T\) (temperature change). So the water temperature is still relatively cold.
• Cold water has less evaporation. And since the water is cold, less heat energy is transferred from the ocean to the air above (because heat transfer occurs from a higher - temperature body to a lower - temperature body, and if the ocean water is cold, the temperature gradient between the ocean and the air is smaller).

Answer:

For the first question (shallow surface waters):

• The water temperature is warmer.
• More evaporation causes more thermal energy and humidity in the air can cause bigger storms.

For the second question (cold deep waters):

• The water temperature is colder.
• Less heat energy is transferred from the ocean to the air above.