Question

use the stars to demonstrate which of the following scenarios represent newtons 1st law - the law of inertia. leave blank the scenarios that represent newtons 2nd or 3rd law.
organize it!
a train stops suddenly at the train station and everyone in the cars continue moving forward.
if a bowling ball and a basketball is rolled with the same amount of force, the basketball will accelerate faster.
a teacher sitting in her rolling chair pushes against the wall and moves in the opposite direction.
a semi - truck and a small car are traveling at the same speed. they each hit the brakes at the same time, but the truck takes much longer to slow down.
a model rocket flies upwards as the engine combusts and creates a force towards the earth.
a child pinches the neck of a balloon filled with air then lets go. the balloon goes up while the air goes down.
a rollercoaster takes off quickly, and everyones heads are thrown backward towards the headrest.
a magician quickly pulls a tablecloth out from under a set of dishes. the dishes remain in the same spot.

Explanation:

• First Scenario (Train stops suddenly): Newton's 1st Law (Law of Inertia) states that an object in motion stays in motion unless acted upon by an external force. When the train stops (external force), passengers continue moving forward (due to inertia).
• Second Scenario (Bowling ball vs basketball): Newton's 2nd Law ($F = ma$). With same force ($F$), less - massive basketball ($m$) has higher acceleration ($a$).
• Third Scenario (Teacher in chair): Newton's 3rd Law (action - reaction). Teacher pushes wall (action), wall pushes teacher (reaction).
• Fourth Scenario (Semi - truck vs car): Newton's 2nd Law. More massive truck has more inertia (related to $F = ma$, larger $m$ for same $a$ requires larger $F$ to stop).
• Fifth Scenario (Model rocket): Newton's 3rd Law. Engine force on gas (action), gas force on rocket (reaction).
• Sixth Scenario (Balloon): Newton's 3rd Law. Air out (action), balloon up (reaction).
• Seventh Scenario (Rollercoaster): Newton's 1st Law. Bodies want to stay at rest (before take - off), rollercoaster moves, heads thrown back (inertia).
• Eighth Scenario (Magician): Newton's 1st Law. Dishes want to stay at rest (inertia), tablecloth pulled (external force on cloth, not dishes).

Answer:

• Newton's 1st Law (Law of Inertia):
• A train stops suddenly at the train station and everyone in the cars continue moving forward.
• A rollercoaster takes off quickly, and everyone's heads are thrown backward towards the headrest.
• A magician quickly pulls a tablecloth out from under a set of dishes. The dishes remain in the same spot.
• Newton's 2nd Law ($F = ma$):
• If a bowling ball and a basketball is rolled with the same amount of force, the basketball will accelerate faster.
• A semi - truck and a small car are traveling at the same speed. They each hit the brakes at the same time, but the truck takes much longer to slow down.
• Newton's 3rd Law (action - reaction):
• A teacher sitting in her rolling chair pushes against the wall and moves in the opposite direction.
• A model rocket flies upwards as the engine combusts and creates a force towards the Earth.
• A child pinches the neck of a balloon filled with air then lets go. The balloon goes up while the air goes down.