Question

text 1
in 2024, the city of cleveland loaned $25 air - quality sensors to volunteers, hoping to detect block - to - block spikes near truck routes. officials argued that even if the devices are less precise than epa monitors, hundreds of readings can reveal patterns and pressure firms to adjust deliveries. the city plans to post a live map so residents can decide when to open windows or exercise outside.

text 2
data scientist marisol chen applauds the map’s potential for public awareness and suggests the city also publish guidance on interpreting uncertainty. she recommends displaying ranges by neighborhood, documenting calibration limits, and using sensor hotspots to prioritize follow - up measurements from certified monitors. with these additions, she says, the project could both inform residents and help regulators target scarce inspection resources.

8 mark for review
which choice best describes how text 2 relates to text 1?
a text 2 challenges text 1 by arguing that low - cost sensors are too inaccurate to provide any meaningful information to residents or regulators.

b text 2 supports text 1 by offering new evidence that similar volunteer sensor programs have already produced successful enforcement actions in other u.s. cities.

c while agreeing with the mapping approach, text 2 recommends confirming sensor hotspots by deploying more low - cost devices rather than using certified equipment.

d text 2 generally endorses text 1’s mapping plan but extends it by proposing specific ways to communicate uncertainty and verify hotspots with certified monitoring.

Explanation:

• Option A: Text 2 does not challenge Text 1; instead, it supports and extends the plan, so A is incorrect.
• Option B: Text 2 does not offer evidence about other U.S. cities' volunteer sensor programs; it focuses on improving Cleveland's plan, so B is incorrect.
• Option C: Text 2 recommends using certified monitors for follow - up, not more low - cost devices instead of certified equipment, so C is incorrect.
• Option D: Text 1 has a mapping plan, and Text 2 endorses it while proposing specific ways (like publishing guidance on uncertainty, displaying ranges, etc.) to communicate uncertainty and verify hotspots with certified monitoring, which matches this option.

Answer:

D. Text 2 generally endorses Text 1’s mapping plan but extends it by proposing specific ways to communicate uncertainty and verify hotspots with certified monitoring.