Question

the risk of acute pyelonephritis is significantly increased in all of the following, except:
patients with diabetes mellitus
men with prostatic hyperplasia
pregnant women
children with nephrotic syndrome

Explanation:

Acute pyelonephritis is a kidney infection. Diabetes (impairs immunity), prostatic hyperplasia (urinary stasis), and pregnant women (ureteral dilation) increase UTI risk leading to pyelonephritis. Nephrotic syndrome (proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia) doesn't directly increase pyelonephritis risk like the others.

Answer:

children with nephrotic syndrome