Question

rising levels of carbon dioxide most likely have a greater detrimental effect on the land than the sea. have a greater detrimental effect on the sea than the land. can increase productivity on the land and the sea. can decrease productivity on the land and the sea

Explanation:

• Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas. Rising levels of carbon dioxide lead to global warming.
• In the sea, increased carbon dioxide causes ocean acidification which has a significant detrimental effect on marine life such as coral reefs (corals have difficulty building their skeletons in more acidic waters), plankton (which form the base of the marine food web and are affected by changes in water chemistry), and many fish species (affecting their growth, reproduction, and behavior).
• On land, while rising carbon dioxide can initially act as a fertilizer for some plants (increasing photosynthesis to a certain extent in C3 plants), the overall negative impacts of global warming (such as more extreme weather events like droughts, floods, heatwaves which damage crops and terrestrial ecosystems) are significant. However, the complex chemical changes in the ocean (ocean acidification) and the sensitivity of marine ecosystems to relatively small changes in chemistry make the detrimental effect on the sea more severe in terms of the fundamental changes to the ecosystem structure and function compared to the land.

Answer:

have a greater detrimental effect on the sea than the land.