Question

question 9 (2 points)
which of these definitions is false?
operant conditioning: a type of learning in which behaviors are influenced primarily by the consequences that follow them
positive reinforcement: positive events or consequences that follow a behavior and strengthen it.
negative reinforcement: the removal of a positive reinforcer, which results in a decrease in the frequency of a behavior.
respondent conditioning: when a person learns to respond to a new stimulus that does not naturally elicit a response.
learning theory: a theory that conceptualizes the social environment in terms of behavior, its preceding events, and its subsequent consequences
question 10 (2 points)
which of these factors can be a source of prejudice and discrimination?
belief in one true religion
a psychological need to counter feelings of insecurity or inferiority
socialization patterns over generations that promote stereotypes
all of the above
none of the above

Explanation:

• Question 9:
• Operant Conditioning: Correct. It is about behavior - consequence relationships.
• Positive Reinforcement: Correct. Positive events strengthen behavior.
• Negative Reinforcement: Incorrect. Negative reinforcement is the removal of an aversive stimulus to strengthen a behavior, not the removal of a positive reinforcer (which is extinction or punishment).
• Respondent Conditioning: Correct (also known as classical conditioning).
• Learning Theory: Correct (a broad view of behavior - event - consequence).
• Question 10:
• Belief in one true religion: Can lead to prejudice against other religions.
• Psychological need to counter insecurity: People may use prejudice to boost self - esteem.
• Socialization promoting stereotypes: Generational socialization can perpetuate prejudice.
• Since all the first three factors are sources of prejudice, “All of the above” is correct.

Answer:

Question 9: Negative Reinforcement: the removal of a positive reinforcer, which results in a decrease in the frequency of a behavior.
Question 10: All of the above