Question

question 9 (4 points)
systematic desensitization involves replacing a negative response with a positive response, wheras ________ involves replacing a positive response with a negative response
transference
operant conditioning
aversive conditioning
electroconvulsive therapy
question 10 (4 points)
reinforcing desired behaviors and withholding reinforcement for undesired behaviors is most central to the process of
classical conditioning
light exposure therapy
behavior modification
progressive relaxation

Explanation:

• Question 9:
• Transference: In psychology, transference is when a person redirects feelings for one person to another. It is not about replacing responses as described in the question.
• Operant conditioning: Focuses on how behavior is influenced by its consequences (rewards and punishments). It is not specifically about replacing a positive response with a negative one.
• Aversive conditioning: This technique pairs an unwanted behavior (which has a positive response associated with it, like a bad habit) with an aversive (negative) stimulus. So, it replaces the positive response (the “pleasure” of the bad habit) with a negative response (discomfort from the aversive stimulus).
• Electroconvulsive therapy: A medical treatment for severe mental disorders that involves sending electrical currents through the brain. It is not related to response - replacement in the way described.
• Question 10:
• Classical conditioning: Involves associating a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus to elicit a conditioned response. It is more about association rather than reinforcing or withholding reinforcement for behaviors.
• Light exposure therapy: Used to treat conditions like seasonal affective disorder by exposing patients to bright light. It is not about reinforcing or withholding reinforcement for behaviors.
• Behavior modification: Based on the principles of operant conditioning. It aims to change behavior by reinforcing desired behaviors (giving rewards when the desired behavior occurs) and withholding reinforcement (or sometimes punishing) for undesired behaviors.
• Progressive relaxation: A technique to reduce stress by tensing and then relaxing muscles. It is not related to reinforcing or withholding reinforcement for behaviors.

Answer:

Question 9: C. Aversive conditioning
Question 10: C. Behavior modification