Question

question 9 (1 point)
consider the following argument:
p1. something orbits earth and something orbits jupiter.
p2. earth is a celestial object and jupiter is a celestial object.
p3. celestial objects are orbited by all less massive celestial objects.
p4. the relation has more mass than is connected. (lec 11 slide 4)
p5. only celestial objects orbit celestial objects.
p6. no celestial object orbits itself.
c. therefore, there are at least five celestial objects.
choose the correct classification of this argument from the options below.
valid in tfl.
valid in fol, but not in tfl.
sound.
invalid.

Explanation:

The argument uses quantifiers ("something"), predicates ("is a celestial object"), and relations ("has more mass than") which are beyond Truth-Functional Logic (TFL), as TFL only handles truth-functional connectives. First-Order Logic (FOL) can represent these elements, but the argument is not valid: P3 claims all less massive celestial objects orbit a celestial object, but P1 only states "something" orbits Earth/Jupiter (not all less massive ones), and the premises do not force at least five distinct celestial objects. Thus, the argument is invalid.

Answer:

Invalid.