Question

question: in paragraph 18, the author primarily uses ethos to: ○ establish credibility by highlighting south africas ability to resolve its post - apartheid issues and inspire hope in other nations. ○ appeal to the readers emotions by emphasizing the tragic history of apartheid and its lingering impact on society. ○ demonstrate moral authority by criticizing the global community for underestimating south africas potential for reconciliation. ○ present an intellectual argument about the superiority of south africas approach to post - conflict reconciliation compared to other nations.

Explanation:

Ethos is an appeal to ethics, credibility, or character. By highlighting South Africa's ability to resolve its post - apartheid issues, the author is establishing the credibility (ethos) of South Africa. This shows that South Africa has the moral and practical standing (ethos) to be an example in conflict resolution. Other options like appealing to emotions (pathos) or presenting an intellectual argument (logos) are not the main focus here. The key is on building credibility through South Africa's actions (ethos).

Answer:

Establish credibility by highlighting South Africa’s ability to resolve its post - apartheid issues.