Question

question 3.
lotti is enjoying a cup of hot chocolate outside on a cool day and wants to investigate how the 10°c air affects the temperature of her drink. she measures
the temperature of the hot chocolate at different intervals until the temperature stops changing.
describe what is happening to thermal energy and what the resulting temperature of her drink is.
a thermal energy moves from the air to the hot chocolate until the final temperature of the chocolate is 10°c.
b thermal energy moves from the hot chocolate to the air until the final temperature of the chocolate is 5°c.
c thermal energy moves from the air to the hot chocolate until the final temperature of the chocolate is 25°c.
d thermal energy moves from the hot chocolate to the air until the final temperature of the chocolate is 10°c.

Explanation:

Step1: Understand heat transfer principle

Heat (thermal energy) transfers from a higher - temperature object to a lower - temperature object until thermal equilibrium is reached. Here, the hot chocolate is at a higher temperature than the \(10^{\circ}C\) air.

Step2: Determine the direction of heat transfer

Since the air is at \(10^{\circ}C\) (lower temperature) and the hot chocolate is at a higher temperature initially, thermal energy will move from the hot chocolate (higher temperature) to the air (lower temperature).

Step3: Find the final temperature

When thermal equilibrium is reached, the final temperature of the hot chocolate will be equal to the temperature of the surrounding air (assuming no other heat sources or sinks). So the final temperature of the hot chocolate is \(10^{\circ}C\).

Answer:

D. Thermal energy moves from the hot chocolate to the air until the final temperature of the chocolate is \(10^{\circ}C\)