question 4
indicate the most important type of intermolecular attraction responsible for solvation in each of the following solutions.
| solution | intermolecular attraction |
| --- | --- |
| ethanol (c₂h₅oh) in water | -- |
| toluene (c₇h₈) in benzene (c₆h₆) | -- |
| cacl₂ in water | -- |
options: dipole-dipole, hydrogen bonding, ion-dipole, dispersion
question 5
the henry’s law constant for o₂ is... of oxygen would be dissolved in a 40-l aquarium at 25 °c, assuming an...

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# Brief Explanations:
- Ethanol ($C_2H_5OH$) has an -OH group. Water ($H_2O$) also has -OH groups. Hydrogen bonding occurs when a hydrogen atom is bonded to a highly electronegative atom (such as O, N, or F) and interacts with another electronegative atom. In the case of ethanol in water, the -OH of ethanol and -OH of water can form hydrogen bonds.
- Toluene ($C_7H_8$) and benzene ($C_6H_6$) are both non - polar hydrocarbons. The most significant intermolecular force in non - polar substances is London dispersion forces (dispersion forces). These forces arise from temporary dipoles caused by the motion of electrons in the molecules.
- $CaCl_2$ is an ionic compound ($Ca^{2 + }$ and $2Cl^-$). Water ($H_2O$) is a polar molecule (has a dipole moment). Ion - dipole forces occur between ions (from the ionic compound) and polar molecules (like water). The positive ions ($Ca^{2+}$) are attracted to the negative end of the water dipole (oxygen - rich end), and the negative ions ($Cl^-$) are attracted to the positive end of the water dipole (hydrogen - rich end).

# Answer:
- Ethanol ($C_2H_5OH$) in water: hydrogen bonding
- Toluene ($C_7H_8$) in benzene ($C_6H_6$): dispersion
- $CaCl_2$ in water: ion - dipole

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solution	intermolecular attraction
toluene (c₇h₈) in benzene (c₆h₆)	--
cacl₂ in water	--