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how can a program make a choice between two different outcomes, and when should it use if
versus if/else?
A program can make a choice between two different outcomes using conditional statements. The if statement is used when there is only one condition to check for a particular outcome. If the condition is true, the code block inside the if statement executes. The if/else construct is used when there are two mutually - exclusive outcomes. The if part checks a condition, and if it is true, its code block executes. If the condition is false, the code block inside the else part executes.
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A program uses conditional statements. Use if for a single - outcome check (condition → one action if true). Use if/else for two - outcome choice (condition → action if true, else → another action).