Question

question 16
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cabe pulls a muscle in his leg. his doctor asks him to apply ice on the injury. even though he does not like
to apply cold packs, cabe does it because he feels instant relief from the pain. in the given scenario, the
relief from pain is a
a. positive punishment
b. positive reinforcer
c. negative punishment
d. negative reinforcer

question 17
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a(n) ______ reinforcer is a stimulus added to the environment, like getting paid to work, that specifically
brings about an increase in a preceding response.
a. neutral
b. unconditioned
c. positive
d. primary

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Explanation:

• Question 16:
• Positive punishment adds an aversive stimulus to decrease a behavior. Here, the behavior (applying ice) is increased, so it's not positive punishment.
• Positive reinforcer adds a pleasant stimulus. But relief from pain is removal of an aversive (pain), not addition of pleasant.
• Negative punishment removes a pleasant stimulus to decrease a behavior. The behavior (applying ice) is increased, so not negative punishment.
• Negative reinforcer removes an aversive stimulus (pain is removed when ice is applied) to increase a behavior (applying ice).
• Question 17:
• Neutral reinforcer has no effect on behavior.
• Unconditioned reinforcer is innately reinforcing (like food for hunger).
• Positive reinforcer is a stimulus added (like getting paid) to increase a preceding response.
• Primary reinforcer is a biological need (like water for thirst).

Answer:

• Question 16: d. negative reinforcer
• Question 17: c. positive