Question

question 13
which of the following scenarios is the best example of positive reinforcement?
o vanna fastens their seatbelt as soon as they get in their car to stop the annoying alert sound.
o drake no longer cuts class now that their parents confiscated their ipod.
o maria now buys a different brand of cigarettes to get two packs for the price of one.
o nate no longer arrives late at work following a reprimand from their boss.
question 14
which of the following defines unconditioned stimulus (us)?
something that naturally creates a response
something that creates a response only after conditioning
a naturally occurring behavior
a behavior that is acquired

Explanation:

Question 13

To determine positive reinforcement, recall that it involves adding a desirable stimulus to increase a behavior.

• Vanna’s action stops an annoying sound (negative reinforcement, removing aversive).
• Drake’s behavior change is due to losing an iPod (negative punishment, removing a desirable stimulus).
• Maria buys a different brand to get a discount (a desirable reward - getting more cigarettes for the price - which increases the behavior of buying that brand, this is positive reinforcement as a desirable stimulus is added).
• Nate’s change is due to a reprimand (negative reinforcement or punishment).

An unconditioned stimulus (US) is a stimulus that naturally, without prior learning, elicits a response (the unconditioned response, UR).

• "Something that creates a response only after conditioning" describes a conditioned stimulus (CS).
• "A naturally occurring behavior" is an unconditioned response (UR), not a stimulus.
• "A behavior that is acquired" is a conditioned response (CR).
• "Something that naturally creates a response" matches the definition of a US.

Answer:

Maria now buys a different brand of cigarettes to get two packs for the price of one.

Question 14