Question

question 13 (6 points)
question: you are working with a medical team to determine how long knee joint prothesis will last. you review medical records of people who have had to have their prothesis replaced. what type of study is this?

1. experimental
2. observational
3. ecological

question 14 (6 points)
question: in an attempt to identify factors contributing to a recent outbreak of a foodborne illness, researchers compare individuals who became ill with those who did not. what study design is this?

1. case - control
2. cohort
3. ecological

Explanation:

• Question 13: In an observational study, researchers observe and record data without interfering or manipulating variables. Here, the team is just reviewing existing medical records (no intervention or manipulation), so it's an observational study.
• Question 14: A case - control study starts by identifying cases (those with the outcome, like illness) and controls (those without the outcome). Researchers then look back to compare exposures (factors that might have contributed). In this case, comparing ill (cases) and non - ill (controls) individuals to identify factors contributing to the outbreak fits the case - control design.

Answer:

• Question 13: 2) Observational
• Question 14: 1) Case - control