Question

question 11
what heats the suns corona to high temperatures?
short - wavelength electromagnetic radiation emitted by layers below
visible light emitted by layers below
long - wavelength electromagnetic radiation emitted by layers below
sun - grazing comets giving up their energy of motion as they vaporize in these two layers
fluctuating magnetic fields from below that transport energy outward

Explanation:

The Sun's corona is heated by fluctuating magnetic fields from below that transport energy outward. This is a well - established concept in solar physics. Short - wavelength electromagnetic radiation (like X - rays) is emitted by the corona itself when it is already hot. Visible light has relatively low energy and cannot heat the corona to such high temperatures. Long - wavelength electromagnetic radiation also does not have enough energy. Sun - grazing comets are too rare and their energy contribution is negligible compared to the magnetic field mechanism.

Answer:

fluctuating magnetic fields from below that transport energy outward