Question

1. in particular, newton built upon the work of what scientist? what kind of work?

Explanation:

Newton's work in physics, especially his laws of motion and universal gravitation, built significantly on Galileo Galilei's studies of motion (e.g., inertia, free fall) and Johannes Kepler's laws of planetary motion. Galileo's experimental work on kinematics and Kepler's empirical laws describing planetary orbits provided foundational observations and frameworks for Newton to formalize his theories.

Answer:

Scientist: Galileo Galilei (work on motion/inertia) and Johannes Kepler (planetary motion laws).
Work type: Galileo's kinematics experiments; Kepler's laws of planetary motion.