Question

a nurse is caring for a client who has obstructive sleep apnea (osa). which of the following conditions should the nurse identify as being a complication of osa? (select all that apply.)
hypertension
altered cognition
metabolic dysfunction - associated liver disease
cystic fibrosis
headaches

Explanation:

• Hypertension: OSA causes intermittent hypoxia and hypercapnia. This activates the sympathetic nervous system and renin - angiotensin - aldosterone system, leading to vasoconstriction and increased blood pressure.
• Altered cognition: Chronic sleep disruption from OSA leads to poor sleep quality. This affects the brain's ability to function properly, resulting in problems with memory, concentration, and overall cognitive performance.
• Metabolic dysfunction - associated liver disease (MAFLD): OSA is associated with insulin resistance. Insulin resistance can lead to fat accumulation in the liver (steatosis), which is a part of MAFLD.
• Headaches: OSA - related hypoxia and sleep fragmentation can cause morning headaches. The exact mechanism is not fully understood, but it may be related to changes in cerebral blood flow and neurotransmitter imbalances.
• Cystic fibrosis: Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disorder caused by mutations in the CFTR gene. It is not a complication of OSA.

Answer:

Hypertension, Altered cognition, Metabolic dysfunction - associated liver disease, Headaches.