Question

1. mr. flannagan has been recently diagnosed with early alzheimers. which signs or symptoms do you expect him to have as the disease worsens?

renewed interest in reading, writing, and puzzles
consistent weight gain over the next few years
difficulty learning new things, organizing, and logical thinking
remembering how to make appointments with the health provider

1. which nutritional screening tool is the most commonly used to screen institutionalized geriatric patients?

malnutrition screening tool (mst)
malnutrition universal screening tool (must)
mini nutritional assessment (mna)
nutrition risk score 2002 (nrs - 2002)

1. what is the purpose of checking nitrogen balance?

it can indicate adequate or inadequate protein consumption.
it is useful in diagnosing frailty and sarcopenia.
it can measure impaired inflammatory response.
it indicates whether the person has muscle depletion.

Explanation:

• Question 8: Alzheimer's disease affects cognitive functions. Difficulty in learning, organizing, and logical thinking (cognitive decline) is a common progression. Renewed interest in activities is not typical. Weight gain is not a core sign. Remembering appointments would likely decline.
• Question 9: The Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) is widely used for institutionalized geriatric patients. MST is for general malnutrition screening. MUST is more for adults in the community. NRS - 2002 is for hospital - based nutritional risk screening.
• Question 10: Nitrogen balance reflects protein metabolism. Positive balance (intake > output) indicates adequate protein, negative (output > intake) indicates inadequate. It is not directly for diagnosing frailty/sarcopenia (which has other markers), measuring inflammation (other tests like CRP), or muscle depletion (more related to body composition measures).

Answer:

• Question 8: C. Difficulty learning new things, organizing, and logical thinking
• Question 9: C. Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA)
• Question 10: A. It can indicate adequate or inadequate protein consumption.