Question

the inner planet
understanding main ideas
label the diagram with the names of the inner planets.
(diagram with sun and four circles labeled 1,2,3,4)
write the name of the inner planet or planets that the statement describes.

1. __________ has a rocky surface
2. __________ 70 percent is covered with water
3. __________ rotates in the opposite direction of most other planets and moons
4. __________ called the red planet
5. __________ has at least one moon
6. __________ similar to each other in size and mass
7. __________ has almost no atmosphere
8. __________ atmosphere so heavy and thick that it would crush a human
9. __________ has enough gravity to hold on to most gases
10. __________ atmosphere is mostly carbon dioxide

building vocabulary
write a definition for each of these terms

1. terrestrial planets -
2. greenhouse effect -

Explanation:

Diagram Labeling (Inner Planets):

The inner planets (terrestrial planets) in order from the Sun are Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars. So:

1. (Closest to Sun after the labeled Sun) - Mercury
2. - Venus
3. - Earth
4. - Mars

Question 5 (has a rocky surface):

All inner planets (Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars) are terrestrial and have rocky surfaces. So Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars.

Question 6 (70 percent is covered with water):

Earth has about 70% of its surface covered with water. So Earth.

Question 7 (rotates in the opposite direction...):

Venus rotates clockwise (retrograde) while most planets rotate counter - clockwise. So Venus.

Question 8 (called the “red planet”):

Mars is known as the red planet due to iron oxide (rust) on its surface. So Mars.

Question 9 (has at least one moon):

Earth has one moon, Mars has two moons. So Earth, Mars.

Question 10 (similar to each other in size and mass):

Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars (terrestrial planets) are similar in size and mass compared to gas giants. So Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars.

Question 11 (has almost no atmosphere):

Mercury has a very thin atmosphere, almost negligible. So Mercury.

Question 12 (atmosphere so heavy...):

Venus has a thick, heavy atmosphere (mostly CO₂) that would crush a human. So Venus.

Question 13 (has enough gravity to hold on to most gases):

Earth and Venus (to an extent), but Earth can hold its atmosphere well. Mars has a thin atmosphere, Mercury almost none. So Earth (and Venus, but Earth is a strong example).

Question 14 (atmosphere is mostly carbon dioxide):

Venus and Mars have atmospheres mostly CO₂. Venus: ~96% CO₂, Mars: ~95% CO₂. So Venus, Mars.

Question 15 (terrestrial planets):

Terrestrial planets are the inner planets (Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars) that are small, dense, have rocky surfaces, and thin to thick atmospheres (except Mercury's thin one). Definition: Planets in the solar system that are small, dense, composed mainly of rock and metal, and have a solid surface (Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars).

Question 16 (greenhouse effect):

The greenhouse effect is the process where certain gases (greenhouse gases like CO₂, H₂O vapor, CH₄) in a planet's atmosphere trap heat from the Sun, warming the planet's surface. For example, on Earth, it helps maintain a habitable temperature; on Venus, it's extreme. Definition: The trapping of heat in a planet's atmosphere by greenhouse gases (such as carbon dioxide, water vapor, methane) that absorb and re - radiate infrared radiation, leading to an increase in the planet's surface temperature.

Answer:

Diagram Labeling:

1. Mercury
2. Venus
3. Earth
4. Mars

Question 5: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars

Question 6: Earth

Question 7: Venus

Question 8: Mars

Question 9: Earth, Mars

Question 10: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars

Question 11: Mercury

Question 12: Venus

Question 13: Earth (and Venus)

Question 14: Venus, Mars

Question 15: Planets (Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars) that are small, dense, have rocky surfaces, and are composed mainly of rock and metal.

Question 16: The process where greenhouse gases in a planet’s atmosphere trap heat from the Sun, warming the planet’s surface.