Question

it is important for patients to actively participate in their own healthcare. patients should
ask others to make treatment decisions for them.
educate themselves on healthcare options
have others choose their healthcare provider
avoid questioning their healthcare provider

a trauma victim with damage to an eye would be referred to a/an
ophthalmologist
pulmonologist
audiologist
orthopedist

Explanation:

For the first question, patients actively participating in healthcare means being informed. Educating themselves on options is active participation. Asking others to decide (passive), having others choose provider (not active for patient), avoiding questioning (not engaged) are wrong.
For the second question, an ophthalmologist specializes in eye disorders. A pulmonologist in lungs, audiologist in ears/hearing, orthopedist in bones/muscles.

Answer:

First question: educate themselves on healthcare options
Second question: ophthalmologist