Question

illusions are created when *
perceptual cues are distorted.
people fail to apply the principle of constancy.

if a friend told you he could read your thoughts, he is claiming to have the power of *
constancy.
telepathy.
motion parallax.

Explanation:

• First question: Illusions occur when perceptual cues are distorted. The principle of constancy (e.g., size constancy, shape constancy) helps us perceive objects as stable despite changes in sensory input. When perceptual cues (like depth cues, size cues) are manipulated or distorted, illusions are formed. For example, in the Müller - Lyer illusion, the arrow - head and arrow - tail lines at the ends of the lines distort our perceptual cue of length.
• Second question: Telepathy is the purported ability to communicate or know someone's thoughts without using the known sensory channels. Constancy (as mentioned above) is about stable perception of objects, and motion parallax is a depth cue where objects at different distances move at different rates relative to an observer in motion.

Answer:

• First question: perceptual cues are distorted.
• Second question: telepathy.