Question

identify from the following description:
in a classic experiment on the significance of contact comfort for developing infants, harry harlow separated baby rhesus monkeys from their mothers shortly after birth and placed them in cages with two \surrogate\ mothers: one made of bare wire that provided milk and one covered in soft - terry cloth that did not provide milk. the results showed that the baby monkeys spent far more time clinging to the cloth mother. monkeys raised without any real social contact later showed severe emotional and social problems—they had trouble mating, parenting, or even interacting with other monkeys.
independent variable:
how is it operationally defined?

dependent variable:
how is it operationally defined?

Explanation:

• Independent variable: This is the variable that is manipulated or changed in an experiment. In Harlow's experiment, the type of surrogate mother (wire vs. cloth) is what the researcher is changing.
• Operational definition of independent variable: It is defined by the two types of surrogate mothers - one made of bare wire that provides milk and one covered in soft terry cloth that does not provide milk.
• Dependent variable: This is the variable that is measured and is expected to change as a result of the independent variable. Here, it is the behavior of the baby monkeys (specifically, the time they spend clinging to the surrogate mother).
• Operational definition of dependent variable: It is defined as the amount of time the baby monkeys spend clinging to the cloth mother.

Answer:

Independent variable: Type of surrogate mother.
How is it operationally defined? One is a bare - wire mother that provides milk, and the other is a cloth - covered mother that does not provide milk.
Dependent variable: Baby monkeys' clinging behavior (time spent clinging).
How is it operationally defined? The amount of time the baby monkeys spend clinging to the cloth mother.