Question

how did people use a telegraph to communicate without speech?
with a series of bells of varying pitches
with words typed out on a typewriter
with morse code
with overland mail carriages

Explanation:

Telegraph communication without speech was achieved using Morse code. Morse code is a system of representing letters, numbers, and punctuation marks by a series of dots and dashes (or short and long signals). It was specifically developed for telegraphy. Bells of varying pitches were not the standard way for telegraph communication. A typewriter is for writing on paper and not related to telegraph communication. Overland mail carriages are for transporting physical mail and not for telegraph - based communication.

Answer:

with Morse code