Question

how the body changes after your last cigarette
20–30 min: decreased blood pressure
8 hours: reduced carbon dioxide and increased oxygen in bloodstream
2 days: improved sense of smell and taste
2 weeks–3 months: improved circulation and lung function
1-3 months: reduced coughing and congestion; better overall energy
1 year: risk of heart disease cut in half
5 years: risk of stroke and cervical cancer reduced to level of nonsmoker; risk of mouth, throat, esophagus, and bladder cancer cut in half
10–15 years: risk of heart disease and death similar to nonsmoker
after getting a warning about heart health from his doctor, malcolm has decided to end his 20 years of smoking. what will most likely be the state of his health in four years’ time?

• his health will be the same as that of a non - smoker.
• he will be healthier but may still have problems, such as high blood pressure.
• his health will be greatly improved, but he will still face risk for certain conditions.
• his health will be slightly improved, but he will still have high risk of heart disease.

Explanation:

To determine Malcolm's health in four years, we analyze the timeline:

• After 1 year, his heart disease risk is cut in half.
• After 5 years, some cancer risks match non - smokers, but full non - smoker health (10 - 15 years for heart disease/death) takes longer.
• Option 1 is wrong (needs 10 - 15 years for heart - related parity). Option 2 is wrong as blood pressure issues improve earlier (20 - 30 min for BP decrease, better circulation by 2 weeks - 3 months). Option 4 is wrong (heart disease risk is cut in half at 1 year, so improvement is more than slight). Option 3 fits: his health will be greatly improved (due to years of progress) but he still faces risk (since full non - smoker risk levels for all conditions take 5 + years).

Answer:

His health will be greatly improved, but he will still face risk for certain conditions.