Question

a group of friends ride the roller coaster at an amusement park. they are each secured to the ride by a restraint. the restraint goes over their shoulders and buckles into the seat. at the end of the ride, the roller coaster stops abruptly, causing the passengers to jerk forward against the restraints. investigate and describe how newtons laws of motion can be applied to describe what happened to the passengers when the roller coaster stopped. type your answer here.

Explanation:

When the roller - coaster stops abruptly, according to Newton's first law (an object in motion tends to stay in motion unless acted upon by an external force), the passengers were in motion along with the roller - coaster. Since there is no immediate force to stop their forward motion (except for the restraint), they jerk forward. Newton's second law \(F = ma\) (where \(F\) is the force from the restraint, \(m\) is the mass of the passenger, and \(a\) is the deceleration of the roller - coaster) can be used to calculate the force exerted by the restraint on the passenger. Newton's third law (for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction) is also at play. The passenger's body exerts a force forward (action) and the restraint exerts an equal and opposite force (reaction) to keep them in place.

Answer:

When the roller - coaster stops abruptly, passengers jerk forward due to Newton's first law (inertia). Newton's second law \(F = ma\) can calculate the force from the restraint (where \(F\) is force, \(m\) is passenger mass, \(a\) is roller - coaster deceleration). Newton's third law (action - reaction) is also relevant as the passenger's forward - pushing force (action) and the restraint's backward - pushing force (reaction) are equal and opposite.