Question

in empire of cotton, historian sven beckert characterizes the early phase of the global economy as \war capitalism,\ defined by the violent expropriation of land and enslaved labor. he distinguishes this from the subsequent \industrial capitalism\ of the factory system but argues that the latter’s rise was not purely a result of technological innovation, as is often assumed. instead, beckert posits that industrial capitalism was fundamentally parasitic, relying on the cheap raw materials and capital accumulation secured by war capitalism. thus, he contends that the liberal market order of the nineteenth century did not emerge in opposition to colonial coercion but was built on the foundation of its specific material achievements.
9
mark for review
based on the text, beckert would most likely agree with which statement about the relationship between industrial capitalism and war capitalism?
a industrial capitalism gradually replaced the coercive practices of war capitalism with market - based mechanisms that operated through consent rather than force.
b industrial capitalism’s development cannot be considered an event isolated from the exploitative mechanisms that had dominated global economies in previous eras.
c industrial capitalism’s development was enabled by the material resources and capital that war capitalism had accumulated through a careful balancing of trade relations.
d industrial capitalism occasionally benefited from resources accumulated during war capitalism but was primarily a product of technological innovation.

Answer:

B. Industrial capitalism's development cannot be considered an event isolated from the exploitative mechanisms that had dominated global economies in previous eras.