Question

c. discrimination between the visual patterns.
d. operant conditioning and negative reinforcement.

1. a child learns to clean their room after their parents promise to incr

room is maintained neat. what kind of reinforcement is being used here

a. negative reinforcement, because an aversive condition (no allowance

b. positive reinforcement, because the behavior results in earning some

c. primary reinforcement, because the increased allowance satisfies a b

d. punishment, because the child is being coerced to clean the room.

1. a student is attempting to remember the important sociologists and

which of the following strategies would likely be the most effective for e
long - term memory?

a. reading over the names and contributions once before the exam.

b. creating a story that links the sociologists to their contributions in a n

c. waiting to study until the night before to ensure the material is fresh.

d. skimming through the textbooks sociologists section without taking

Explanation:

Question 5

• Option A: Negative reinforcement involves removing an aversive stimulus to increase behavior. But here, a positive stimulus (increased allowance) is added, so A is wrong.
• Option B: Positive reinforcement is adding a desirable stimulus (increased allowance) to increase the behavior (cleaning room), which matches the scenario.
• Option C: Primary reinforcement satisfies a biological need (like food, water), while allowance is a secondary reinforcer (learned value), so C is wrong.
• Option D: Punishment decreases behavior, but here the behavior (cleaning) is being increased, so D is wrong.

• Option A: Rereading once is shallow processing, not effective for long - term memory.
• Option B: Creating a story links information (sociologists and their contributions) in a meaningful way, which is elaborative rehearsal and effective for long - term memory.
• Option C: Cramming (studying night before) leads to short - term retention, not long - term memory.
• Option D: Skimming without active processing is not effective for long - term memory.

Answer:

B. Positive reinforcement, because the behavior results in earning some (increased allowance)

Question 6