Question

(a) differentiate between the following terms.
(i) rom and ram
(ii) surge protector and voltage regulator

Explanation:

Compare ROM and RAM

• ROM (Read-Only Memory) is non-volatile memory that permanently stores instructions required to boot up the computer (BIOS).
• RAM (Random Access Memory) is volatile memory that temporarily stores data currently being used by the CPU, which is lost when power is turned off.

Compare Surge Protector and Voltage Regulator

• A surge protector detects spikes in electrical voltage and diverts the excess current to the ground, protecting devices from sudden damage.
• A voltage regulator continuously adjusts fluctuating incoming voltage to maintain a constant, stable level of power delivery to connected equipment.

Answer:

Question 1

• ROM (Read-Only Memory): Non-volatile memory that permanently stores essential startup instructions (BIOS). Data is retained when power is lost.
• RAM (Random Access Memory): Volatile memory that temporarily holds active data and programs for quick CPU access. Data is lost when power is turned off.

Question 2

• Surge Protector: Protects devices by blocking or grounding sudden, high-voltage spikes (surges) in electrical current.
• Voltage Regulator: Continuously stabilizes fluctuating voltage levels to ensure a constant, steady output of power to connected devices.