Question

the atom and atomic theory test study guide

1. explain in detail the accomplishments of aristotle, the curies, bohr, chadwick, dalton, heisenberg, pauli, planck, rutherford and thomson.
2. one of my cats, \handsome jack\, weighs 22.4 lbs. the vet tells me that jack needs to come down to 15 lbs. calculate how many grams that jack needs to lose.
3. compare and contrast alpha, beta and gamma radiation.
4. draw a simple electromagnetic spectrum. draw arrows from increasing to decreasing energy, frequency and wavelength. what type of wave has more than 1 type of wavelength? what are they?
5. explain the four forces of nature and list them from strongest to weakest.
6. what is max plancks formula? what does it help to explain?
7. compare and contrast ground and excited states of an atom.
8. how many protons(p), neutrons(n), and electrons(e - ) in hg? (round the atomic masses to whole numbers)
9. how many protons(p), neutrons(n), and electrons(e - ) in u? (round the atomic masses to whole numbers)
10. how many protons(p), neutrons(n), and electrons(e - ) in bi? (round the atomic masses to whole numbers)
11. how many protons(p), neutrons(n), and electrons(e - ) in au? (round the atomic masses to whole numbers)
12. how many protons(p), neutrons(n), and electrons(e - ) in sr? (round the atomic masses to whole numbers)
13. how many protons(p), neutrons(n), and electrons(e - ) in k? (round the atomic masses to whole numbers)
14. use roygbiv to draw the visible spectrum and label which ends have higher/lower energy, frequency and wavelengths.
15. compare and contrast the sizes of the atomic particles, electrons, neutrons and protons. complete the following frequency problems. use the formula: 2.99792 108m/s = c = l n.

Explanation:

Step1: Identify relevant atomic number and mass - number concepts

For each element, we use the periodic - table information. The atomic number (Z) gives the number of protons, and for a neutral atom, the number of electrons is equal to the number of protons. The mass number (A) gives the sum of protons and neutrons.

Step2: Find number of protons, neutrons and electrons for each element

For K (Potassium):

The atomic number of K is 19. So, the number of protons (p) = 19. The number of electrons (e) = 19. The average atomic mass of K is approximately 39.1. Rounding to a whole number, if A = 39, then the number of neutrons (n)=A - Z = 39 - 19=20.

For Sr (Strontium):

The atomic number of Sr is 38. So, the number of protons (p) = 38. The number of electrons (e) = 38. The average atomic mass of Sr is approximately 87.62. Rounding to a whole number, if A = 88, then the number of neutrons (n)=A - Z = 88 - 38 = 50.

For Au (Gold):

The atomic number of Au is 79. So, the number of protons (p) = 79. The number of electrons (e) = 79. The average atomic mass of Au is approximately 196.97. Rounding to a whole number, if A = 197, then the number of neutrons (n)=A - Z = 197 - 79 = 118.

For B (Boron):

The atomic number of B is 5. So, the number of protons (p) = 5. The number of electrons (e) = 5. The average atomic mass of B is approximately 10.81. Rounding to a whole number, if A = 11, then the number of neutrons (n)=A - Z = 11 - 5 = 6.

For U (Uranium):

The atomic number of U is 92. So, the number of protons (p) = 92. The number of electrons (e) = 92. The average atomic mass of U is approximately 238.03. Rounding to a whole number, if A = 238, then the number of neutrons (n)=A - Z = 238 - 92 = 146.

For Hg (Mercury):

The atomic number of Hg is 80. So, the number of protons (p) = 80. The number of electrons (e) = 80. The average atomic mass of Hg is approximately 200.59. Rounding to a whole number, if A = 201, then the number of neutrons (n)=A - Z = 201 - 80 = 121.

1. In Au:

• Protons (p): 79
• Neutrons (n): 118
• Electrons (e): 79

1. In Sr:

• Protons (p): 38
• Neutrons (n): 50
• Electrons (e): 38

1. In K:

• Protons (p): 19
• Neutrons (n): 20
• Electrons (e): 19

1. Visible - spectrum wavelengths range from approximately 400 nm (violet) to 700 nm (red). Higher - energy waves have shorter wavelengths and higher frequencies. In the visible spectrum, violet has the highest energy (shortest wavelength, highest frequency) and red has the lowest energy (longest wavelength, lowest frequency).
2. Atomic particles in order of size (from smallest to largest): electrons < protons = neutrons. Electrons are much smaller than protons and neutrons. Protons and neutrons have approximately the same mass and size at the atomic - scale.

Answer:

1. Protons: 79, Neutrons: 118, Electrons: 79
2. Protons: 38, Neutrons: 50, Electrons: 38
3. Protons: 19, Neutrons: 20, Electrons: 19
4. Violet has higher energy (shorter wavelength, higher frequency) and red has lower energy (longer wavelength, lower frequency) in the visible spectrum.
5. Electrons < Protons = Neutrons