Question

the achilles reflex may be elicited when the calcaneal (achilles) tendon is tapped. this causes the gastrocnemius muscle (on the same side) to contract and the foot jerks. the achilles reflex is classified as:

mark all correct answers

a. somatic
b. autonomic
c. ipsilateral
d. bilateral

Explanation:

Analyze effector type

Using the Reflex Arc Components knowledge point
The Achilles reflex involves tapping the calcaneal tendon, which stretches the gastrocnemius muscle. This stretch is detected by muscle spindles, sending sensory signals to the spinal cord. The motor output travels via somatic motor neurons to cause contraction of the gastrocnemius, which is a skeletal muscle. Because the effector is skeletal muscle, this reflex is classified as a somatic reflex rather than an autonomic (visceral) reflex.

Analyze response side

Using the Reflex Arc Components knowledge point
The prompt states that tapping the tendon causes the gastrocnemius muscle "on the same side" to contract. A reflex where the sensory input and motor output occur on the same side of the body is classified as an ipsilateral reflex. It is not bilateral (which would involve both sides) or contralateral (which would involve the opposite side).

Answer:

• a. Somatic (Correct answer)
• b. Autonomic
• c. Ipsilateral (Correct answer)
• d. Bilateral