Question

1. discretionary spending refers to government spending on:

programs that are completely controlled by the courts.
programs required by law.
only military and law enforcement.
programs that are funded annually, like education and defense.

1. how does the u.s. government provide citizens with opportunities to monitor and influence the actions of the government?

by granting exclusive decision - making power to appointed officials.
by providing transparency, access to information, and opportunities for public participation.
by limiting access to government information to elected officials only.
by allowing citizens to petition for specific government policies.

Explanation:

• Question 39: Discretionary spending refers to government spending on programs that are funded annually, like education and defense. Non - discretionary spending is for programs required by law (e.g., Social Security). Courts do not control government spending programs, and discretionary spending is not limited to military and law enforcement.
• Question 40: The U.S. government provides citizens with opportunities to monitor and influence government actions by providing transparency, access to information, and opportunities for public participation. Granting exclusive decision - making power to appointed officials or limiting access to government information to elected officials only would not allow citizen monitoring. While allowing citizens to petition for specific policies is part of public participation, the more comprehensive answer is providing transparency, access to information, and public participation opportunities.

Answer:

• 39. Programs that are funded annually, like education and defense.
• 40. By providing transparency, access to information, and opportunities for public participation.