Question

1. which answer lists two hormone pathways that involve the hypothalamus and pituitary communicating with one another?

insulin and glucagon
cortisol and adh
acth and estrogen

Explanation:

• Cortisol: The hypothalamus releases corticotropin - releasing hormone (CRH), which stimulates the pituitary to release adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). ACTH then stimulates the adrenal cortex to produce cortisol.
• ADH (antidiuretic hormone): The hypothalamus produces ADH, which is stored and released by the posterior pituitary.
• Insulin and glucagon are produced by the pancreas and are not directly part of a hypothalamus - pituitary - axis pathway.
• ACTH is part of the hypothalamus - pituitary - adrenal axis, but estrogen (in the female reproductive system) has a more complex regulation that is not directly a simple hypothalamus - pituitary communication in the same straightforward sense as ADH and cortisol. Estrogen regulation involves a feedback loop with the hypothalamus and pituitary but also has ovarian involvement in a more elaborate cycle compared to the relatively more direct hypothalamus - pituitary relationship for ADH (storage - release) and cortisol (stimulatory hormone cascade).

Answer:

B. cortisol and ADH